Reviews in epub, pdf and mobi formats. Check this ebook now Pages Published Publisher. Get it in epub, pdf , azw, mob, doc format. Share link here and get free ebooks to read online. Spotlight on First is a fully comprehensive course that has been revised to be in line with the new Cambridge English exam specifications for January It prepares adults and younger learners to excel in the revised exam.
An exciting new feature of this revised edition is the Ideas Generator. Test takers need to generate ideas to pass the Speaking and Writing papers of the exam. Eva and her friends can't wait to try out for parts, learn their lines, and build the sets!
But when Sue gets cast in the starring role, Eva worries she won't have a chance to shine. Will Eva have her moment in the spotlight, too? With an array of series featuring riveting stories, fun characters, and engaging art, there is a Branches book for every reader!
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To serve many readers to get the book entitled Spotlight on the USA By Randee Falk , this website is ready with easy way in downloading theonline book. New York now has a landmarks commission, which decides whether changes can be made to buildings that are of historical interest. What has happened in the cities of your country? Do older buildings remain? Do you think government should be able to limit con- struction, the way that the New York land- marks commission does?
Sellers of Merhaton River the South Street Seaport is located or. By the mids the Lower East Side had changed greatly. One of its buildings from this period was called Old Brewery.
But the Lower East Side was characterized ss by crime than by the poverty and hopes of its residents. By the mids the Lower East Side had become an area in which im- migrants settled. First there were many Irish. The immigrants lived in crowded tene- ments. Working conditions were as bad as living conditions.
Immigrants worked in "sweatshops" for long hours. After working, six or seven days a week, they brought home as litle as four dollars. Life on the Lower East Side also had its pleasures, though. The egg cream was a mysterious New York inven- ton—a drink containing not eggs and cream, but sparkling water and chocolate syrup.
Other special foods included fish like herring, sour pickles, and "knishes," which are pastries stuffed with mashed potatoes or other fillings. All can still be found on the Lower East Side. Near the Lower East Side there are two other neighborhoods that also attracted im- migrants—and that are also famous for their food. Like the Jews, many Italians have now moved to other neighborhoods.
Little Italy has become littler. It fas also become less authentically Italian: although Martin Scorcese's movie Mean Streets was set in Little Italy, he decided to film it in the Bronx. As Little Italy has grown smaller, its streets have become part of the neighborhood next —Chinatown, For years, there were laws limiting the number of Chinese immigrants.
Finally, the laws were changed. Today China- town is the only immigrant community: in Manhattan that's still growing. The sentences should be gram- matically and factually correct. The population density of the Lower East Side was greater than the population den- sity of Bombay, India. Role Play Divide into groups of three. Two of you should discuss and decide on where you will eat—at an Italian restaurant, a Chinese restaurant, or a Jewish delicatessen.
The third person is the waiter or waitress at the restaurant and will explain any items on the menu you are unfa- miliar with and then take your order. Food Glossary: bagel—a circular bread with a hole in the center; blintzes—a light dough wrapped around a cheese or fruit filling; borseht—cold beet soup; cannelloni—pasta stuffed with meat or other filling and baked ina sauce; eannolli—a pastry with a hard outside and a creamy filing; fettucini—tong, flat noo- dles; lo mein—mixed noodles; lox—smoked salmon; ravioli—pasta squares with a filling usually cheese ; tortellini—pasta rings witha filling: wonton—dumplings with 2 filing Greenwich Village and the East Village have always been at the center of New York's ex- citement.
Both have been places for people with different and creative ideas. Both have an active nightlife with plenty of bars, restau- and the East Village rants, and clubs. But there are also clear dif- ferences between them.
It has homes on narrow, tree-lined streets. Village Bohemians, s This charm attracted bohemians—writers and artists—to the Village in the early s. By the s, the streets of the Village were filled with other people, curious to see how these odd Villagers lived. The artists and writers began moving out, some to the East Village. Today, rents in the Village are far from cheap—they're much more than most artists can pay—but the tourists still visit. Some New Yorkers complain that the Village is "touristy" and "not authentic.
The gay homosexual community is an especially im- portant part of Village life. The Village has many gav bars, and each year there's a Gay Pride march. The dirt and grime of the East Village were a far cry from the quaint streets of Greenwich Village.
And the area still feels very city-like. Over the years, the East Village has been a center for many movements—for the beat poets of the s, the hippies of the s, and, more recently, for New York's punk scene. Twenty stories high, it towered over the other buildings of its time. The first building boom for skyscrapers came in the late s. This was somewhat ironic, since when they opened, it was the Great Depression; the country's economy had collapsed.
The most beautiful and famous of the art deco skyscrapers are the Chrysler Building and the Empire State Building. You can't go to the top of the Chrysler Building, but you can ad- mire it from many different points in the ci You can, however, go to the top of the Empire State Building, the third tallest building in the world.
The Empire State Building has become not only a symbol of New York but also part of its history—both real, as when a plane crashed into it in , and fictional, as when King Kong clung to it in the movie. Rockefeller Center, built in the s, is the world's largest privately owned busi- ness and entertainment center.
Radio City is so luxurious and interesting that murals from its bathrooms now hang in the Museum of Modem Art.
The Seagram Building, with its metal and its smoky glass, is another early example. Answer 1. Based on the pictures, describe the two styles, Then tell which you prefer and why. Times Square When in Times Square, you should take basic precautions that are advisable anywhere in New York: Hold on to your pocketbook firmly, do not carry your wailet in your back pocket, and avoid wandering into areas with few people.
The New York Times is considered among. New York's other main papers. Interior of a Broadway theater before the crowds arrive. New York 43 the New York Post, and New York Newsday, are tabloids—they have a smaller format and they focus, especially in their headlines, on crimes, scandals, and other such news.
The Village Voice, a weekly newspaper with more liberal views than the other papers. On Broadway and Off Times Square is the beginning of the theater district—the area where Broadway plays are performed.
Most "Broadway" theaters are lo- cated east or west of Broadway on streets in the 40s and 50s. Broadway has long been the center of theater in the United States. Many plays open in other cities with the hope of eventually making it to Broadway. Most of these theaters are in the Village and the East Village.
The category that a theater falls into actually depends on its size—with Of Of being the smallest-—not on its location.
Plays at these other theaters tend to deal with a wider range of subjects and to be more experimental-—some say more interesting— than plays on Broadway. They may involve audience participation—that is, the audience becomes part of the play. And at some Of Off Broadway plays, you fee! Or Oh Kay! Kentucky Theather Tues. There are tours of the stages of current Broadway plays, led by the stage managers, directors, and even famous actors!
Martin Buck Theater Mon. Les Miserables — The long-running musical based on Victor Hugo's novel. In 19th century France, a cruel police inspector pursues a fugitive. Fortunately for New York's residents, there is one major exception: Central Park. You can take a horse and buggy ride througi Central Park.
You can explore the park even better by renting a bicycle. Attractions in the park include gardens, a , a skating rink, an old-fashioned carousel, a lake where you can row, and an outdoor theater, where events are held each summer. New Yorkers enjoy springtime in Central Park. East Side Central Park was opened in Wealthy New Yorkers soon built mansions along Fifth Avenue, on the park's east side.
The Vander- bilts. The mansions that remain now hold art collections. The Frick is a de- New York 45 lightful museum to wander through since it's set up, not like a museum, but as it was when the Fricks lived there. Then a black man West Side The street on the western side of the park, Central Park West, has large and unusual apartment buildings.
When the first one was being built, people laughed. They said no- body with money would live in an apartment house, especially when it was so far from the center of town that it might as well be in the Dakotas in the western part of the United States; see Unit 5.
The builder had the last laugh; he named his building the Dakota, and when it opened, every apartment was occu- pied. But, above all, the building makes people think of John Lennon, who lived there and was killed right outside on December 8, It was in this way that Harlem became a largely black neighborhood. The news soon spread that in Harlem blacks had better opportunities for housing and education, Many blacks came to Harlem from the south of the United States and even from the islands of the Caribbean.
The s were Harlem's great years, es- pecially in the arts. Authors like Langs- ton Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston began to write specifically about their experience as blacks. Harlem had a very active club scene. Whites from downtown came to Harlem and partied until the early hours of the morning. Ironically, some of these chibs, including the famous Cotton Club, didn't allow blacks as customers.
But people who lived in Harkm had parties of their own. At these parties, 50 cents bought lots of food and all-night piano playing. The music was probably better than anywhere else, as famous musicians came and "challenged" each other.
With a bad economy and ongoing dis- crimination, many blacks were unable to earn a living. The neighborhood became poorer, Discussion Points Read the article and discuss the questions. The ise includes violent crimes. Several recent murders involved innocent bystanders—people who just happened to be "in the way" when shots were fired. Drugs and the ease with which sophisticated guns can be obtained appear to be factors contributing to the inerease in violent crime.
When questioned by reporters, many New Yorkers said they would move elsewhere if they could. Other New Yorkers though. Harlem has never really recovered. Yet it has kept its spe- cial feel and remains a center for black cul- ture. You can see this if you go on a tour of Harlem, A tour might take you to churches where you can hear gospel music, to restaurants that serve soul food food cooked in the way of blacks of the South , and to Harlem night- clubs to hear jazz.
A club event you shouldn't miss is the Apollo Theater's Talent Night: Here, amateurs take their chances performing be- fore an audience that is known for its enthu- siastic applause and its equally enthusiastic boos!
What do you think should be done to fight crime? What is your opinion? Would you want to live in New York? Since you are more familiar with New York, they ask you what they should do there. Write a one-day itinerary for your friends.
Trade itineraries with a partner. Take turns roleplaying the person going to New York and the person giving advice. Discuss and explain the itinerary you have prepared. He woke up twenty years later! In his village, as he would soon find out, everyone and everything had changed. But, at first, looking around him at the Hudson River Valley, he had no idea that time had passed. And the Hudson River Valley is much the same. But, even when it was commercially im- portant, the Hudson River—with its fogs and mists, its green banks, and with mountaintops in the distance—was above all a romantic, mysterious, and beautiful river.
He led the New York Yankees to victory year after year. In the days when baseball sal- aries were still small, his was large. When a reporter pointed out that he eamed more than President Hoover, Babe Ruth replied simply, "I had a better vear than he did.
Do you have great baseball potential? Probably not. But at the Hall of Fame you can test yourself by trying to hit balls thrown at the same high speeds as the balls that professional players hit. Niagara Falls Spectacular and beautiful, Niagara Falls has always been especially popular with two kinds of visitors: thrill-seekers and honeymooners.
In , Frenchman Jean Francois Gravelet, known as "the Great Blon- din," became the first person to cross the falls ona tightrope. Not satisfied with this achieve- ment, he made the trip again, this time with his manager on his back! In , a school- teacher, Mrs.
Annie Edson Taylor. It's less easy to see why so many new- Iyweds feel they have to begin married life at the falls. We do, however, know when and how this tradition got started: In , Jerome Bonaparte. You don't, of course, have to be a new- Iywed to visit Niagara and you shouldn't be a thrill-seeker, since stunts are now illegal. Each year many people visit fiom either the American side or the Canadian side. A boat called Maid of the Mist will take you right out to the falls!
In cour times, change is much more rapid. Imag- ine that you slept for twenty years, Write a Paragraph describing what you might see and experience upon waking. In your opinion, are large salaries for professional athletes justified? Do you think athlotes have this obligation? Philadelphia, Pennsylvania The Declaration and the Constitution Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is the city where the two most important decisions in Ameri- can history were made, The Liberty Bel In May , representatives of the thir- teen colonies met in Philadelphia to decide whether to remain with Britain or fight for independence.
Fighting had already begun, but many people still hoped for peace with Britain. Finally, more than a year later, on July 4, , the Declaration of Independence was unanimously approved. The Declaration says that independence is a basic human right: Weholdthese truths tobeself-evicent, that all men ate created equal, that they are en- dowed by their Creator with certain un- allenable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and he pursuitaf happiness.
When independence was won, the colo- nies came together, not as a nation, but as a confederation, or group of states. To prevent tyranny, there was no president and the cen- tral government had very little power. Each state had its own army. The states taxed each other's goods. It was almost as if they were separate countries. The result was great con- fusion. They soon decided that the con- federation could not work and that a new system of government was needed.
For this purpose, they wrote the United States Con- stitution. The Constitution united the states into one country. Philadelphia's impor- tance had much to do with one man—Ben- jamin Franklin y In , at the age of 17, Benjamin Frank- Jin ran away to Philadelphia, looking for work as an apprentice printer.
A few years later he had his own print shop and was publishing one of the most widely read newspapers in the colonies, Franklin did a lot for Philadel- phia—for example, he started a library the first in the colonies , a fire department, a city hospital, and a school that is now the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, Franklin also did a lot for his country.
He helped write the Declaration of Indepen- dence. During the war, he persuaded the French to aid the colonists; without French help, the colonists might not have won the war. When the Constitution was being written, Franklin solved some serious disagreements; at 81, he was twice as old as most of the other men and was greatly respected. In a famous experiment with a kite and a key, he proved that lightning is electricity.
By the nineteenth century, Philadelphia lost its early importance. Washington, D. New York replaced it as the center of finance and trade. Next to Franklin, the most famous Phil- adelphian may be comedian and actor W. Fields Fields considered his hometown a truly boring place. Fields Is Philadelphia a historically important but otherwise boring city? Mummers are members of special string bands, and the parade is an all-day party.
For the parade, mummers wear costumes covered with feathers and sequins. While they play and parade, they do a special dance called strutting Strutting is hard to resist. One spectator reports seeing an old woman break away from the crowdand startstrutting alongside a band.
As a police officer led het back to her place he, too, started strutting! Mummers on parede Complete Use information from the passage to com- plete the rhyme. In the beginning the states were not a They were merely a Representatives met in a solution, And there they wrote the For the answers, see page Here are some sayings that he made up.
Can you tell what each means? Are there sayings with similar meanings in your language? Remember that time is money. Little strokes fell great oaks. Here, to fei! Experience keeps a dear school but fools will learn in no other. He thought of a solution. If a wooden walkway of boards was built above the sand, people could still enjoy the beach but his train would stay clean. And so the world's first boardwalk was built.
People liked the boardwalk so much that Atlantic City was soon transformed from a quiet resort into a booming one. As Atlantic City grew, so did the boardwalk. The first boardwalk was just H fect above the sand and 10 feet wide. Today's boardwalk stands far above the sand and is 60 fect wide and 6 miles long. An carly complaint. In nearly every i stance, the individual has been flirtin; ings were the only practical solution to this problem!
Atlantic City honored its boardwalk by making it an official street. It is properly writ- ten as the Boardwalk, with a capital B. In many ways, all boardwalks are similar.
Boardwalks usually have rides and games. They have shops that sell cheap souvenirs and junk food. They have benches that arc perfect places to sit and watch the world go by But each boardwalk also has its own char- acter and its own specialties.
To find out, unscramble the words and read down, The clues will help you. Asticky candy 2. Boardwalks are made ofthis 3. AConey sland treat iT 4. Body of waler many U. Net A. A roller coaster is one 7.
You'll never hungry on the boardwalk, they always have this 8. You can't get a tan without it 9. The capital city would be crisscrossed by broad avenues, which would meet im spacious squares and circles. Creating Versailles from a marsh was no easy task. Building went slowly, and people were reluctant to move to the new capital. For years, pigs roamed through unpaved streets. There was said to be good hunting right near the White House!
Matters were not helped when, during the War of , the British burned parts of Wash- ington. This episode did, however, give the White House its name. The president's house was one of the buildings burned, and after the war it was painted white to cover up the marks, Museums and Monuments. People often save old things in the attic of their house. Nineteenth-century writer Mark Twain called the Smithsonian Institute "the nation's attic. The Smithsonian began in the s, with a gift from Englishman James Smithson.
The museum has aircraft and spacecraft that were important in aviation his- tory. It has the craft in which Orville Wright made the first manned flight and the plane in which Charles Lindbergh made the first solo flight across the Atlantic.
It has the com- mand module that returned the Apollo 11 as- tronauts to earth after their moon landing, and it even has rocks that the astronauts brought back! Washington was, the first president. Lincoln was president dur- ing the Civil War and ended slavery. Many important civil rights events have taken place at the Lincoln Memorial. A third important president, Thomas Jefferson, who was also the main author of the Declaration of Indepen- dence, is honored by a monument overlook- ing the nearby Tidal Basin.
The Tidal Basin area is especially beautiful in spring, when its many cherry trees, a gift from Japan, are in bloom, Washington at Work Washington has one major business, and that business is government. The executive de- partments Treasury, Agriculture, Education, etc; see the Introduction are located in Washington.
Many of the people who live in Washington work for the federal government. You won't be able to see the president at work though; White House offices, as well as living quarters, are closed to the public. However, if you visit Capitol Hill, you might be able to see some important members of the other two branches of government: The Supreme Court has a public gallery, as do the Senate and the House of Representatives.
Absent members of congress are probably at committee meetings, where much of the important work is done, The public can also go to many of these meet- ings.
Congress and the public listen to speech. A guard in the South Lobby of the National Air and Space Museum gives these answers to some frequently asked questions. It's all the way at the end of the hall with entrances to the left and the right.
When the time is up, the person who has made the most words wins. Here's another way to find the winner: The person with the longest list reads his or her words. When the person reads a word you wrote, draw a line through it. The person with the most words that no one else has is the winner. Decide in advance which way you will play. False to True The following statements are all false.
Rewrite the statements so that they will be true. The city of Washington was designed by President George Washington himself. The White House is named after the ar- chitect who designed it Charles White. James Smithson, whose money the Smith- sonian Institution was started with, was an Englishman who had often visited the United States. One ofthe Smithsonian museums—the Arts and Industries Building—is the most visited museum in the world.
The Mall has monuments honoring three important Supreme Court justices. Ifthe Senate chamber seems nearly empty, it's probably because most senators are out to lunch. It includes parts of thirteen states from New York to Georgia. West Vicginia is the only state that falls entirely within the Appalachian region, The Appalachian region is mountainous.
The mountains have shaped people's way of life. Settlers, who came mainly from Great Britain and Germany, found themselves iso- lated by the mountains. Isolation made it possible for people to develop and preserve their traditions.
The mountains also made carning a liv- ing difficult. Many Appalachian traditions center on handicrafts, as people had to make the items they needed. Appalachian people are known for their independence and their self-sufficiency. Sometimes the ruggedness of mountain life was associated with violence. No one knows exactly what caused the trouble between the Hatfields and the McCoys.
It may have been a pig that both claimed to own. In any event, the McCoys killed a Hatfield. The Hatfields took justice into their own hands, killing several McCoys. The Hatfield-McCoy feud lasted nearly forty years. It took many lives in both families. Coal mining has long been an important activity in West Virginia; it contributes about 10 percent of the state's income. Mining brought some prosperity but at a cost.
Before the establishment and enforcement of safety laws, many men died in mine collapses. A quilt is a bed cover, made of two layers of fabric stuffed with cotton. Using scraps of fabric, Appalachian women sewed squares, based on fancy patterns. They then sewed the squares together to make the two sides of the quilt. A cat would be thrown onto the quilt, and the girls would shake the quilt up and down. The cat would, of course, run off the quilt. The girl it ran closest to would be the next to get married!
It is closer than any other dialect, of American or British English to the English that was spoken in Shakespeare's time and earlter. Fos example, 1 is added to the end of pronouns e. You'll find the same word in Beowulf, the famous poem fromeighth- century England! With its warm climate and rich soil, it soon de- veloped an economy based on export crops like cotton, These were grown on farms worked by slaves from Africa.
Some parts of the South are among the fastest-growing areas in the country. But the South also preserves its traditions— for example, its emphasis on good cooking and its slower, more hospitable way of life.
So it's not surpris- ing that the South's economy came to depend on agriculture. By the s, the South pro- duced and exported rice, sugar, and especially, cotton. The South felt no need to develop fac tories.
And itremained rural; New Orleans was its only large city. Crops like cotton were best grown on plantations —large landholdings. They also required a large labor force. For this, the old South depended on slaves, who were ori nally brought from Aftica. Slavery was the ba- sis for the South's economy; it was also what, more than anything, made the South differ- ent fiom the rest of the country.
By , the other states had ended slavery. People often think that whites in the old South lived an elegant life—something like the beginning of the famous movie Gone With the Wind. Most whites were small farmers who did not own any slaves. But these small farmers also favored slavery; it gave them someone to look down on. Slaves lives differed greatly, depending on their masters. But the basic fact was that slaves had no real control over what hap- pened to them.
Slaves often worked for log hours in the fields and received insufficient food, clothing, and shelter. Slaves were able to survive because they developed a strong culture of their oven. This culture combined African and American ele- ments, Songs and stories, religion and com- munity were all important. For a long time, the North and the South each developed differently but without con- flicts. The conflicts came when the nation be- gan to expand west.
Southern states said the new areas that were being settled should allow slavery; the Northen states disagreed, In the s and s Congress passed a series of Jaws that were compromises between the North and the South. In the end, the compromises failed, Write Many people's ideas about the Old South are influenced by Gone With the Wind or similar movies. Think about a movie you've seen that takes place in the United States or in your country.
Do you think those impressions are accurate? Write several paragraphs describing and discussing the movie. How did the system hurt each of the groups mentioned? Why was it bad for the South's economy? After the fight: A Cvil War battlefield The War The conflicts worsened, and in , the Southern states seceded, or separated, from the Union and formed a new nation: the Con- federate States of America.
The Northern states refused to accept this, President Lincoin had not wanted war, but war became inevitable. The American Civil War lasted four years. Before the war, there had been great advances in weapons but few advances in medicine. Soldiers who weren't killed outright often died of their wounds. Many regiments lost over half of their men in a single battle. The North had certain great advantages over the South. It had a larger population and most of the country's factories and banks.
But it had the more difficult task—conquest rather than defense. Most battles of the Civil War were fought in the South. The state of Virginia alone hhad been the scene of 26 major battles and over smaller fights. The most important long-term effect of the war was the end of slavery. Black Ameri- cans were made citizens and were given the right to vote The Sowh — 67 The Civil War helped transform the na- tion's economy and way of life.
The war effort required more factories and better transpor- tation systems. The North became much more industrialized than before. One Northerner commented after the war, "It does not scem to me as if were living in the country in which I was born. Why were there so many deaths in the American Civil War? What advantages did the North have?
What disadvantages did it have? What were some effects of the Civil War? What event led some Souther states to secede? Hint: The answer to this question isnotin the passage. You'll find it by solving the puzzle. Constitution between and —ended slavery, made blacks citizens, and gave black Americans the right to vote. During the Reconstruction, a period after the war when the Southern states were under military rule, blacks voted and were elected to office.
It seemed as though the for- mer slaves might be incorporated into Amer- ican life on an equal basis with other citizens.
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