If this is not needed, you can let the destructor do it's job. The answer to your question depends on how you get the path. If you are building the path entirely within your application then see the answer from James Kanze. However, if you are reading the path or components of the path from the environment in which your program is running e. In order to understand why, we need to define what a path is. On the operating systems that I am aware of , a path is a string which conforms to a mini-language specified by the operating-system and file-system system for short.
Paths can be supplied to IO functions on a given system in order to access some resource. For example here are some paths that you might encounter on Windows:. A solution for creating files in the specified directory would be:. Then when we want to output a file in the specified directory we build a new path. For example, if we want to output a file called bob. In general it is impossible to implement this solution fully.
Even if you could write code that could successfully decode all path mini-languages in existence and correctly represent the information about each system so that a new path could be built correctly - in the future your program may be built or run on new systems which have new path mini-languages that your program cannot handle.
Therefore, we need to use a careful strategy for managing paths. Do not attempt to manipulate paths that are input to your program. You should pass these strings directly to api functions that can handle them correctly. Make sure to design the interface to your program carefully to avoid a situation where you might be forced into manipulating paths.
Try to implement the algorithms for your program to similarly avoid the need to manipulate paths. Document the api functions that your program uses on each OS to the user - this is because OS api functions themselves become deprecated over time so in future your program might not be compatible with all possible paths even if you are careful to avoid path manipulation.
Document to the user exactly how paths will be manipulated. Then make it clear that it is the users responsibility to specify paths that will work correctly with the documented program behavior. Restrict the path mini-languages your program will accept until you are confident that you can correctly manipulate the subset of paths that meet this set of restrictions. Document this to the user.
Error if paths are input that do not conform. Do some basic path manipulation without worrying too much. The process is to take each character of the array and write it into the file. These are the simplest file operations. Getc stands for get character, and putc stands for put character.
These two functions are used to handle only a single character at a time. Skip to content. Report a Bug. Previous Prev. Next Continue. Home Testing Expand child menu Expand. Thank you so much! Sign up or log in Sign up using Google. Sign up using Facebook. Sign up using Email and Password. Post as a guest Name. Email Required, but never shown. The Overflow Blog. Podcast Making Agile work for data science. Stack Gives Back Featured on Meta.
They take minimum effort to maintain, are easily readable, and provide the least security and takes bigger storage space. They can hold a higher amount of data, are not readable easily, and provides better security than text files. When working with files, you need to declare a pointer of type file. This declaration is needed for communication between the file and the program. Opening a file is performed using the fopen function defined in the stdio. For reading and writing to a text file, we use the functions fprintf and fscanf.
They are just the file versions of printf and scanf. The only difference is that fprintf and fscanf expects a pointer to the structure FILE. After you compile and run this program, you can see a text file program. When you open the file, you can see the integer you entered. This program reads the integer present in the program. If you successfully created the file from Example 1 , running this program will get you the integer you entered.
Other functions like fgetchar , fputc etc. Functions fread and fwrite are used for reading from and writing to a file on the disk respectively in case of binary files. To write into a binary file, you need to use the fwrite function. The functions take four arguments:. We declare a structure threeNum with three numbers - n1, n2 and n3 , and define it in the main function as num.
The first parameter takes the address of num and the second parameter takes the size of the structure threeNum. Since we're only inserting one instance of num , the third parameter is 1.
Function fread also take 4 arguments similar to the fwrite function as above. In this program, you read the same file program.
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